THE FORMATION OF THE SCIENCE OF LOGIC IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND THE REASONS FOR OPPOSITION TO IT

Abstract

The article examines the history of the origin of the science of logic and the science of logic in Islam. Logic has a special place in science as a field that studies the laws of thinking. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation and development of logic in the Islamic world, based on the works of Muslim scholars. The article examines the problems of the introduction of logic into the Islamic world through the translation of the works of ancient Greek philosophy, namely the works of Aristotle, and its systematization by Islamic scholars. Using a comparative method, the authors focus on the doctrine of logic in the works of Aristotle and al-Ghazali, analysing this topic comprehensively. Thus, their specific features are revealed. The article also explains the interpretations of the words “mantiq” and “nutq”, studying their connection with logic. The hermeneutic method is used to study the methods of rational thinking and reasoning in Islam, based on Quran, hadith, and classical Islamic works on logic. The artistic (methodical) aspect of the science of logic is defined, the views of the Platonists, Peripatetics, and Stoics on logic are given as examples. In addition, the relationship between the science of logic and religious teachings, the objections to the study of logic and their reasons are analysed. The scientific and practical importance of logic for modern religious or religious-philosophical problems is substantiated.