THE ISSUE OF HUMAN IN THE RELIGIOUS WORLDVIEW OF MUHAMMAD IQBAL

Abstract

Human existence is a significant value worthy of study within the framework of the global cultural interactions between the East and the West. These issues have become one of the major existential problems of modern times. From a historical-logical and epistemological perspective, human existence represents a unique model of philosophical thought and a distinct direction of historical and epistemological experience. This work focuses on the systematization and interpretation of ideas about humanity in the philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal. Iqbal made a remarkable contribution to the rapprochement of Eastern and Western cultures, enhancing mutual understanding between them, and establishing a new world order free from wars and the exploitation of man by man. According to the thinker, there are two types of birth for a person. The first birth occurs involuntarily and begins with crying. The second is a conscious and voluntary birth that takes place through a person’s own choice. The foundation of Muhammad Iqbal’s philosophy is the exalted status of humanity, its creative abilities, and its striving for spiritual freedom. When a person achieves the highest development of their individual qualities, they become a true personality. Physically and spiritually, a person is an independent center, yet they are not a perfect being. The greater the distance between them and God, the more their individuality is expressed. Conversely, the closer they are to God, the more perfect their personality becomes.